The Amber Spyglass Chapter 13 Tialys And Salmakia Free Essays

Holding the heavy gun, Will swept his hand sideways and knocked the golden monkey off his perch, stunning him so that Mrs. Coulter groaned aloud and the monkey’s paw relaxed enough to let the tiny woman struggle free. In a moment she leapt up to the rocks, and the man sprang away from Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 13 Tialys And Salmakia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coulter, both of them moving as quickly as grasshoppers. The three children had no time to be astonished. The man was concerned: he felt his companion’s shoulder and arm tenderly, and embraced her swiftly before calling to Will. â€Å"You! Boy!† he said, and although his voice was small in volume, it was as deep as a grown man’s. â€Å"Have you got the knife?† â€Å"Of course I have,† said Will. If they didn’t know it was broken, he wasn’t going to tell them. â€Å"You and the girl will have to follow us. Who is the other child?† â€Å"Ama, from the village,† said Will. â€Å"Tell her to return there. Move now, before the Swiss come.† Will didn’t hesitate. Whatever these two intended, he and Lyra could still get away through the window he’d opened behind the bush on the path below. So he helped her up and watched curiously as the two small figures leapt on – what? Birds? No, dragonflies, as large as seagulls, which had been waiting in the darkness. Then they darted forward to the cave mouth, where Mrs. Coulter lay. She was half-stunned with pain and drowsy from the Chevalier’s sting, but she reached up as they went past her, and cried: â€Å"Lyra! Lyra, my daughter, my dear one! Lyra, don’t go! Don’t go!† Lyra looked down at her, anguished; but then she stepped over her mother’s body and loosened Mrs. Coulter’s feeble clutch from her ankle. The woman was sobbing now; Will saw the tears glistening on her cheeks. Crouching just beside the cave mouth, the three children waited until there was a brief pause in the shooting, and then followed the dragonflies as they darted down the path. The light had changed: as well as the cold anbaric gleam from the zeppelins’ floodlights, there was the leaping orange of flames. Will looked back once. In the glare Mrs. Coulter’s face was a mask of tragic passion, and her daemon clung piteously to her as she knelt and held out her arms, crying: â€Å"Lyra! Lyra, my love! My heart’s treasure, my little child, my only one! Oh, Lyra, Lyra, don’t go, don’t leave me! My darling daughter – you’re tearing my heart – â€Å" And a great and furious sob shook Lyra herself, for, after all, Mrs. Coulter was the only mother she would ever have, and Will saw a cascade of tears run down the girl’s cheeks. But he had to be ruthless. He pulled at Lyra’s hand, and as the dragonfly rider darted close to his head, urging them to hurry, he led her at a crouching run down the path and away from the cave. In Will’s left hand, bleeding again from the blow he’d landed on the monkey, was Mrs. Coulter’s pistol. â€Å"Make for the top of the cliff,† said the dragonfly rider, â€Å"and give yourself up to the Africans. They’re your best hope.† Mindful of those sharp spurs, Will said nothing, though he hadn’t the least intention of obeying. There was only one place he was making for, and that was the window behind the bush; so he kept his head low and ran fast, and Lyra and Ama ran behind him. â€Å"Halt!† There was a man, three men, blocking the path ahead – uniformed – white men with crossbows and snarling wolf-dog daemons – the Swiss Guard. â€Å"Iorek!† cried Will at once. â€Å"Iorek Byrnison!† He could hear the bear crashing and snarling not far away, and hear the screams and cries of the soldiers unlucky enough to meet him. But someone else came from nowhere to help them: Balthamos, in a blur of desperation, hurled himself between the children and the soldiers. The men fell back, amazed, as this apparition shimmered into being in front of them. But they were trained warriors, and a moment later their daemons leapt at the angel, savage teeth flashing white in the gloom – and Balthamos flinched: he cried out in fear and shame, and shrank back. Then he sprang upward, beating his wings hard. Will watched in dismay as the figure of his guide and friend soared up to vanish out of sight among the treetops. Lyra was following it all with still-dazed eyes. It had taken no more than two or three seconds, but it was enough for the Swiss to regroup, and now their leader was raising his crossbow, and Will had no choice: he swung up the pistol and clamped his right hand to the butt and pulled the trigger, and the blast shook his bones, but the bullet found the man’s heart. The soldier fell back as if he’d been kicked by a horse. Simultaneously the two little spies launched themselves at the other two, leaping from the dragonflies at their victims before Will could blink. The woman found a neck, the man a wrist, and each made a quick backward stab with a heel. A choking, anguished gasp, and the two Swiss died, their daemons vanishing in mid-howl. Will leapt over the bodies, and Lyra went with him, running hard and fast with Pantalaimon racing wildcat-formed at their heels. Where’s Ama? Will thought, and he saw her in the same moment dodging down a different path. Now she’ll be safe, he thought, and a second later he saw the pale gleam of the window deep behind the bushes. He seized Lyra’s arm and pulled her toward it. Their faces were scratched, their clothes were snagged, their ankles twisted on roots and rocks, but they found the window and tumbled through, into the other world, onto the bone-white rocks under the glaring moon, where only the scraping of the insects broke the immense silence. And the first thing Will did was to hold his stomach and retch, heaving and heaving with a mortal horror. That was two men now that he’d killed, not to mention the youth in the Tower of the Angels†¦ Will did not want this. His body revolted at what his instinct had made him do, and the result was a dry, sour, agonizing spell of kneeling and vomiting until his stomach and his heart were empty. Lyra watched helpless nearby, nursing Pan, rocking him against her breast. Will finally recovered a little and looked around. And at once he saw that they weren’t alone in this world, because the little spies were there, too, with their packs laid on the ground nearby. Their dragonflies were skimming over the rocks, snapping up moths. The man was massaging the shoulder of the woman, and both of them looked at the children sternly. Their eyes were so bright and their features so distinct that there was no doubt about their feelings, and Will knew they were a formidable pair, whoever they were. He said to Lyra, â€Å"The alethiometer’s in my rucksack, there.† â€Å"Oh, Will – I did so hope you’d find it – whatever happened. Did you find your father? And my dream, Will – it’s too much to believe, what we got to do, oh, I daren’t even think of it†¦ And it’s safe! You brung it all this way safe for me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The words tumbled out of her so urgently that even she didn’t expect answers. She turned the alethiometer over and over, her fingers stroking the heavy gold and the smooth crystal and the knurled wheels they knew so well. Will thought: It’ll tell us how to mend the knife! But he said first, â€Å"Are you all right? Are you hungry or thirsty?† â€Å"I dunno†¦ yeah. But not too much. Anyway – â€Å" â€Å"We should move away from this window,† Will said, â€Å"just in case they find it and come through.† â€Å"Yes, that’s true,† she said, and they moved up the slope, Will carrying his rucksack and Lyra happily carrying the little bag she kept the alethiometer in. Out of the corner of his eye, Will saw the two small spies following, but they kept their distance and made no threat. Over the brow of the rise there was a ledge of rock that offered a narrow shelter, and they sat beneath it, having carefully checked it for snakes, and shared some dried fruit and some water from Will’s bottle. Will said quietly, â€Å"The knife’s broken. I don’t know how it happened. Mrs. Coulter did something, or said something, and I thought of my mother and that made the knife twist, or catch, or – I don’t know what happened. But we’re stuck till we can get it mended. I didn’t want those two little people to know, because while they think I can still use it, I’ve got the upper hand. I thought you could ask the alethiometer, maybe, and – â€Å" â€Å"Yeah!† she said at once. â€Å"Yeah, I will.† She had the golden instrument out in a moment and moved into the moonlight so she could see the dial clearly. Looping back the hair behind her ears, just as Will had seen her mother do, she began to turn the wheels in the old familiar way, and Pantalaimon, mouse-formed now, sat on her knee. She had hardly started before she gave a little gasp of excitement, and she looked up at Will with shining eyes as the needle swung. But it hadn’t finished yet, and she looked back, frowning, until the instrument fell still. She put it away, saying, â€Å"Iorek? Is he nearby, Will? I thought I heard you call him, but then I thought I was just wishing. Is he really?† â€Å"Yes. Could he mend the knife? Is that what the alethiometer said?† â€Å"Oh, he can do anything with metal, Will! Not only armor – he can make little delicate things as well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She told him about the small tin box Iorek had made for her to shut the spy-fly in. â€Å"But where is he?† â€Å"Close by. He would have come when I called, but obviously he was fighting†¦ And Balthamos! Oh, he must have been so frightened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Who?† He explained briefly, feeling his cheeks warm with the shame that the angel must be feeling. â€Å"But I’ll tell you more about him later,† he said. â€Å"It’s so strange†¦ He told me so many things, and I think I understand them, too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He ran his hands through his hair and rubbed his eyes. â€Å"You got to tell me everything,† she said firmly. â€Å"Everything you did since she caught me. Oh, Will, you en’t still bleeding? Your poor hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No. My father cured it. I just opened it up when I hit the golden monkey, but it’s better now. He gave me some ointment that he’d made – â€Å" â€Å"You found your father?† â€Å"That’s right, on the mountain, that night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He let her clean his wound and put on some fresh ointment from the little horn box while he told her some of what had happened: the fight with the stranger, the revelation that came to them both a second before the witch’s arrow struck home, his meeting with the angels, his journey to the cave, and his meeting with Iorek. â€Å"All that happening, and I was asleep,† she marveled. â€Å"D’you know, I think she was kind to me, Will – I think she was, I don’t think she ever wanted to hurt me†¦ She did such bad things, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She rubbed her eyes. â€Å"Oh, but my dream, Will, I can’t tell you how strange it was! It was like when I read the alethiometer, all that clearness and understanding going so deep you can’t see the bottom, but clear all the way down. â€Å"It was†¦ Remember I told you about my friend Roger, and how the Gobblers caught him and I tried to rescue him, and it went wrong and Lord Asriel killed him? â€Å"Well, I saw him. In my dream I saw him again, only he was dead, he was a ghost, and he was, like, beckoning to me, calling to me, only I couldn’t hear. He didn’t want me to be dead, it wasn’t that. He wanted to speak to me. â€Å"And†¦ It was me that took him there, to Svalbard, where he got killed, it was my fault he was dead. And I thought back to when we used to play in Jordan College, Roger and me, on the roof, all through the town, in the markets and by the river and down the Claybeds†¦ Me and Roger and all the others†¦ And I went to Bolvangar to fetch him safe home, only I made it worse, and if I don’t say sorry, it’ll all be no good, just a huge waste of time. I got to do that, you see, Will. I got to go down into the land of the dead and find him, and†¦ and say sorry. I don’t care what happens after that. Then we can†¦ I can†¦ It doesn’t matter after that.† Will said, â€Å"This place where the dead are. Is it a world like this one, like mine or yours or any of the others? Is it a world I could get to with the knife?† She looked at him, struck by the idea. â€Å"You could ask,† he went on. â€Å"Do it now. Ask where it is, and how we get there.† She bent over the alethiometer and her fingers moved swiftly. A minute later she had the answer. â€Å"Yes,† she said, â€Å"but it’s a strange place, Will†¦ So strange†¦ Could we really do that? Could we really go to the land of the dead? But – what part of us does that? Because daemons fade away when we die – I’ve seen them – and our bodies, well, they just stay in the grave and decay, don’t they?† â€Å"Then there must be a third part. A different part.† â€Å"You know,† she said, full of excitement, â€Å"I think that must be true! Because I can think about my body and I can think about my daemon – so there must be another part, to do the thinking!† â€Å"Yes. And that’s the ghost.† Lyra’s eyes blazed. She said, â€Å"Maybe we could get Roger’s ghost out. Maybe we could rescue him.† â€Å"Maybe. We could try.† â€Å"Yeah, we’ll do it!† she said at once. â€Å"We’ll go together! That’s exactly what we’ll do!† But if they didn’t get the knife mended, Will thought, they’d be able to do nothing at all. As soon as his head cleared and his stomach felt calmer, he sat up and called to the little spies. They were busy with some minute apparatus nearby. â€Å"Who are you?† he said. â€Å"And whose side are you on?† The man finished what he was doing and shut a wooden box, like a violin case no longer than a walnut. The woman spoke first. â€Å"We are Gallivespian,† she said. â€Å"I am the Lady Salmakia, and my companion is the Chevalier Tialys. We are spies for Lord Asriel.† She was standing on a rock three or four paces away from Will and Lyra, distinct and brilliant in the moonlight. Her little voice was perfectly clear and low, her expression confident. She wore a loose skirt of some silver material and a sleeveless top of green, and her spurred feet were bare, like the man’s. His costume was similarly colored, but his sleeves were long and his wide trousers reached to midcalf. Both of them looked strong, capable, ruthless, and proud. â€Å"What world do you come from?† said Lyra. â€Å"I never seen people like you before.† â€Å"Our world has the same problems as yours,† said Tialys. â€Å"We are outlaws. Our leader, Lord Roke, heard of Lord Asriel’s revolt and pledged our support.† â€Å"And what did you want to do with me?† â€Å"To take you to your father,† said the Lady Salmakia. â€Å"Lord Asriel sent a force under King Ogunwe to rescue you and the boy and bring you both to his fortress. We are here to help.† â€Å"Ah, but suppose I don’t want to go to my father? Suppose I don’t trust him?† â€Å"I’m sorry to hear that,† she said, â€Å"but those are our orders: to take you to him.† Lyra couldn’t help it: she laughed out loud at the notion of these tiny people making her do anything. But it was a mistake. Moving suddenly, the woman seized Pantalaimon, and holding his mouse body in a fierce grip, she touched the tip of a spur to his leg. Lyra gasped: it was like the shock when the men at Bolvangar had seized him. No one should touch someone else’s daemon – it was a violation. But then she saw that Will had swept up the man in his right hand, holding him tightly around the legs so he couldn’t use his spurs, and was holding him high. â€Å"Stalemate again,† said the Lady calmly. â€Å"Put the Chevalier down, boy.† â€Å"Let go of Lyra’s daemon first,† said Will. â€Å"I’m not in the mood to argue.† Lyra saw with a cold thrill that Will was perfectly ready to dash the Gallivespian’s head against the rock. And both little people knew it. Salmakia lifted her foot away from Pantalaimon’s leg, and at once he fought free of her grasp and changed into a wildcat, hissing ferociously, fur on end, tail lashing. His bared teeth were a hand’s breadth from the Lady’s face, and she gazed at him with perfect composure. After a moment he turned and fled to Lyra’s breast, ermine-shaped, and Will carefully placed Tialys back on the rock beside his partner. â€Å"You should show some respect,† the Chevalier said to Lyra. â€Å"You are a thoughtless, insolent child, and several brave men have died this evening in order to make you safe. You’d do better to act politely.† â€Å"Yes,† she said humbly, â€Å"I’m sorry, I will. Honest.† â€Å"As for you – † he went on, turning to Will. But Will interrupted: â€Å"As for me, I’m not going to be spoken to like that, so don’t try. Respect goes two ways. Now listen carefully. You are not in charge here; we are. If you want to stay and help, then you do as we say. Otherwise, go back to Lord Asriel now. There’s no arguing about it.† Lyra could see the pair of them bristling, but Tialys was looking at Will’s hand, which was on the sheath at his belt, and she knew he was thinking that while Will had the knife, he was stronger than they were. At all costs they mustn’t know it was broken, then. â€Å"Very well,† said the Chevalier. â€Å"We shall help you, because that’s the task we’ve been given. But you must let us know what you intend to do.† â€Å"That’s fair,† said Will. â€Å"I’ll tell you. We’re going back into Lyra’s world as soon as we’ve rested, and we’re going to find a friend of ours, a bear. He’s not far away.† â€Å"The bear with the armor? Very well,† said Salmakia. â€Å"We saw him fight. We’ll help you do that. But then you must come with us to Lord Asriel.† â€Å"Yes,† said Lyra, lying earnestly, â€Å"oh yes, we’ll do that then all right.† Pantalaimon was calmer now, and curious, so she let him climb to her shoulder and change. He became a dragonfly, as big as the two that were skimming through the air as they spoke, and darted up to join them. â€Å"That poison,† Lyra said, turning back to the Gallivespians, â€Å"in your spurs, I mean, is it deadly? Because you stung my mother, Mrs. Coulter, didn’t you? Will she die?† â€Å"It was only a light sting,† said Tialys. â€Å"A full dose would have killed her, yes, but a small scratch will make her weak and drowsy for half a day or so.† And full of maddening pain, he knew, but he didn’t tell her that. â€Å"I need to talk to Lyra in private,† said Will. â€Å"We’re just going to move away for a minute.† â€Å"With that knife,† said the Chevalier, â€Å"you can cut through from one world to another, isn’t that so?† â€Å"Don’t you trust me?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"All right, I’ll leave it here, then. If I haven’t got it, I can’t use it.† He unbuckled the sheath and laid it on the rock, and then he and Lyra walked away and sat where they could see the Gallivespians. Tialys was looking closely at the knife handle, but he wasn’t touching it. â€Å"We’ll just have to put up with them,† Will said. â€Å"As soon as the knife’s mended, we’ll escape.† â€Å"They’re so quick, Will,† she said. â€Å"And they wouldn’t care, they’d kill you.† â€Å"I just hope Iorek can mend it. I hadn’t realized how much we need it.† â€Å"He will,† she said confidently. She was watching Pantalaimon as he skimmed and darted through the air, snapping up tiny moths like the other dragonflies. He couldn’t go as far as they could, but he was just as fast, and even more brightly patterned. She raised her hand and he settled on it, his long, transparent wings vibrating. â€Å"Do you think we can trust them while we sleep?† Will said. â€Å"Yes. They’re fierce, but I think they’re honest.† They went back to the rock, and Will said to the Gallivespians, â€Å"I’m going to sleep now. We’ll move on in the morning.† The Chevalier nodded, and Will curled up at once and fell asleep. Lyra sat down beside him, with Pantalaimon cat-formed and warm in her lap. How lucky Will was that she was awake now to look after him! He was truly fearless, and she admired that beyond measure; but he wasn’t good at lying and betraying and cheating, which all came to her as naturally as breathing. When she thought of that, she felt warm and virtuous, because she did it for Will, never for herself. She had intended to look at the alethiometer again, but to her deep surprise she found herself as weary as if she’d been awake all that time instead of unconscious, and she lay down close by and closed her eyes, just for a brief nap, as she assured herself before she fell asleep. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 13 Tialys And Salmakia, Essay examples

The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancie Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancie Essay s, Gender, Coping Styles, andFamily Alcoholism on Alcohol ConsumptionThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping Styles, andFamily Alcoholism on Alcohol ConsumptionResearch Proposal byJosh Robbins100-928-594November 26, 1996Economics 143AbstractOne large component of American popular culture today is alcohol. Acommon stereotype for the effects of alcohol is that as a drug it acts as astress antagonist. This theory was introduced by Conger (1956) as the TensionReduction Hypothesis (TRW). It states that alcohols sedative action on thecentral nervous system serves to reduce tension, and because tension reductionis reinforcing, people drink to escape it (Marlatt ; Rehsenow, 1980). Why do wedrink, when do we drink, and how much do we drink? This research will determinethe correlation between total weekly consumption of alcohol and perceived stress,alcohol outcome expectancies, gender, coping styles, and family history ofalcoholism among undergraduate students. Do p eople drink more or less whenstressed? Do alcohol outcome expectancies lead to higher or lower consumption?Is a history of family alcoholism positively or negatively correlated topersonal consumption? Do the tested variables play mediating or moderatingroles in stress-related drinking? This research will determine the answers tothese questions, and determine the strength of the correlations, if any. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now IntroductionThe main question that this statistical model will answer is as follows:Is there any correlation between drinking and gender, alcohol expectancies,family alcoholism, stress, and coping styles?GenderIt has been demonstrated that significant differences exist between thedrinking patterns of men and women (Hilton, 1988). In a survey of US drinkinghabits conducted in 1988 by the US National Center for Health Statistics, Dawsonand Archer (1992) showed that there are three areas illustrating genderdifferences. The first is the actual number of male and female drinkers. Thestudy showed that 64% of men versus 41% of women were current drinkers. Second,men were more likely to consume alcohol on a daily basis (17.5 grams of ethanolper day versus 8.9 grams for women). Third, men were more likely to beclassified as heavy drinkers. In fact, when the classification measure of aheavy drinker was changed from five drinks or more per day to nine drinks ormore per day the ration of male to female heavy drinkers increased by a factorof 3. StressAre the theories mentioned above about stress-induced drinking accurate?There have been studies which disprove the Tension Reduction Hypothesis. Forinstance, in a study by Conway, Vickers, Ward, and Rahe in 1981 it was foundthat the consumption of alcohol among Navy officers during periods of high jobdemands was actually lower than the consumption during low-demand periods.Additionally, some drinkers have been known to consider alcohol as a tensiongenerator rather than a tension reducer. Alcohol ExpectanciesThe expectations of what effects alcohol consumption may have play animportant role in drinking habits. These expectancies first develop inchildhood as indirect learning experiences (media, family modeling, peerinfluence) and, as a result of increased direct experiences with thepharmacological effects of alcohol, become more refined (Christiansen, Goldman,; Inn, 1982). Do the expectancies that people hold about alcohol decentlypredict consumption? Some people believe that alcohol consumption will increasesexual and aggressive behavior, or otherwise enhance social experiences. Manypeople subscribe to the view that alcohol acts as liquid courage. DataThe dependent variable for this research will be Weekly AlcoholConsumption (WEEK), measured by the total number of drinks consumed in 1 week. A standard drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle/can of beer, 1.5 ounce shot ofliquor, or a 5 ounce glass of wine. The predictor variables would include thedummy variable GENDER, where D1=1 for a male, STRESS, alcoholic expectancies(EXPECT), family alcoholism (FAMILY), and difference coping styles (COPE). .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .postImageUrl , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:hover , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:visited , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:active { border:0!important; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:active , .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82 .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ec51be712c2937d160128b5bcee5c82:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Illiad EssayThe complete list of possible measurable variables are: PerceivedStress, Family History of Alcoholism, Problem-Focused Coping, Emotion-FocusedCoping, Less Useful Coping, and Drinking to Cope. For alcohol expectancyoutcomes, the following variables would be useful: Sociability, TensionReduction, Liquid Courage, Sexuality, Cognitive ; Behavioral Impairment, Risk ;Aggression, and Self Perception. The data for this research project will becollected through surveys and questionnaires given to undergraduate students atone university, but not limited to one department. An attempt should be made tosplit the test group approximately equal in terms of sex. Since race/eth nicityand age are not being tested, they are irrelevant for this study. Compensationmay be necessary (possibly a beer), as college students time is quite valuable,and the questionnaire may take approximately 30 minutes. There are a number oftests which currently exist which may be used to evaluate the subjects. 1. Adapted Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Adapted SMAST)This is a 13 item self-report questionnaire developed by Sher andDescutner in 1986 which is designed to measure family history of alcoholism. This is a yes/no type of test, and is specifically determines the extent of anindividuals parents alcohol abuse. 2. Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol (CEOA)The CEOA (Fromme, Stroot Kaplan, 1993) has 38 questions, and isdesigned to measure alcohol outcome expectancies. There are seven expectancyscales, four positive (sociability, tension-reduction, liquid-courage, andsexuality) and three negative (cognitive-behavioral impairment, risk andaggression, and self perception). The answers are based on a five point scalewith 1 = disagree and 5 = agree. 3. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)The PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) is a 14 item self-reportdesigned to assess the degress to which situations in ones life are appraisedas stressful. There are 7 positive and 7 negative questions. 4. COPEThe COPE (Carver et al., 1989) has 53 questions and is designed toassess individual coping dispositions. This test is quite complicated, as it ismade up of 14 scales which are categorized into 3 coping styles: Problem-FocusedCoping, Emotion-Focused Coping, and Less than Useful Coping (Denial, BehavioralDisengagement, and Mental Disengagement). The main result we will be looking atis a section called Drinking to Cope. This will help us find out whetherpeople drink to cope and if so, in what situations. SpecificationThe regression equation for this research will be as follows: WEEKi = b0+ b1(GENDER)i + b2(STRESS)i + b3(EXPECT)i + b4(FAMILY)i + b5(COPE)iThe expected signs of the coefficients are as follows:b1: This is a dummy variable, with only 2 possible values, 0=female and1=male;b2: Positive. Increased stress leads to increased drinking;b3: Both. It will probably be positive with expectancy variables likeTension Reduction, liquid-Courage and Sexuality, while negative with BehavioralImpairment, Risk ; Aggression, and Self Perception;b4: Positive. One would expect an alcoholic family would increase thelikelihood of an alcoholic child;b5: Positive. If we restrict this variable to Drinking To Cope, itshould be positive. I would plan to run a regression using one predictor variable at a time,and then adding an additional variable until many possibilities have beenregressed, determining the correlation between the different predictors. Thiswill determine as well which predictors account for what percentage of thevariability. Anticipated BenefitsAfter determination of the correlation between weekly drinking and the 5predictor variable discussed herein, we will be able to focus on which variableshave more effect, or higher correlation. If the highest correlation is found inthe FAMILY variable, we will know to spend more time and money on programs whichpromote Family Values. If high correlation is found with the STRESS variable,we can direct our energies to making college less stressful. This researchshould be used as a signal for what needs to be done in the future. .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .postImageUrl , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:hover , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:visited , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:active { border:0!important; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:active , .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6 .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf323143453d6a1350dd2dd2c8717f1e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evaluation of preparation and improvisation EssayReferencesCarver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., ; Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing copingstrategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 56, 267-283. Christiansen, B. A., Goldman, M. S., ; Inn, A. (1982). Development of alcohol-related expectancies in adolescents: Separatingpharmacological from social-learning influences. Journal of Consulting andClinical Psychology, 50, 336-344. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., ; Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and SocialBehavior, 24, 385-396. Conger, J. J. (1956). Alcoholism: Theory, problem andchallenge. II. Reinforcement theory and the dynamics of alcoholism. QuarterlyJournal of Studies on Alcohol, 13, 296-305. Conway, T. L., Vickers, R. R., Ward,H. W., ; Rahe, R. H. (1981). Occupational stress and variation in cigarette,coffee, and alcohol consumption. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22,155-165. Dawson, D. A., ; Archer, L. (1992). Gender differences in alcoholconsumption: Effects of measurement. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 119-123. Hilton, M. E. (1988). Trends in US drinking patterns: Further evidence fromthe past 20 years. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 269-278. Marlatt, G. A, ;Rohsenow, D. J. (1980). Cognitive processes in alcohol use: Expectancy and thebalanced placebo design. In N. K. Mello (Ed.). Advances in Substance Abuse:Behavioral and biological research, Vol. 1. Greenwich: JAI Press. Sher, K. J.,; Descutner, C. (1986). Reports of paternal alcoholism: Reliability acrosssiblings. Journal of Addictive Behaviors, 11, 25-30. Business

Typical American Families

Typical American Families Two Typical Families Sitcoms usually portray typical families that may be a bit funnier than real ones. Two sitcoms, The Cosby Show and Roseanne, are no exceptions. The two families, the Conners and the Huxtables, have much in common. They share the same socioeconomic statuses; they also face the same issues concerning relationships with each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Typical American Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Of course, there are certain differences between the two families. However, it is possible to state that these differences simply serve a background which reveals how similar the families are. It is possible to focus on three points to prove this assumption. These points are: socioeconomic status, relationships between siblings and relationships between spouses. Socioeconomic Background In the first place, it is necessary to point out that the two families pertain to middle class. T his makes them really similar as they face similar difficulties. The two families are not much concerned with making money. They are rather concerned with developing proper relationships with each other and other people. Thus, they also know how to have fun. For instance, the Huxtables arrange great Halloween party (cosbyshow3). The Conners, or rather Roseanne and her husband Dan, have a nice special evening (RoseanneConnerVideo). Apparently, they do not need to focus on ways to earn money. Relationships between Spouses The two sitcoms also depict relationships between the spouses. The two couples can be regarded as model spouses. They love each other. They are caring and supportive. There is one more thing similar in both families. Thus, each woman treats her husband as another child. They accept that their men are a little bit childish. For instance, this quality is manifested in such cases as giving advice to children in different situations. However, it is obvious that the women know that they can rely on their husbands who are the heads of their families. Relationships between Siblings Finally, relationships between siblings are some of the major focuses of the two sitcoms. Admittedly, relationships between siblings play a very important role in everyone’s life (or rather in life of those having a sibling). Seemingly, these relationships are different in the two families. For instance, Vanessa and Janise Huxtable are really friendly and help each other all the time (The Cosby Show). They support each other. On the contrary, Darlene Conner often makes fun of her sister (maskath-1). It may seem that the siblings hate each other. However, Darlene’s tricks also prove that she does love her sister and will help her whenever she needs that help. More so, such tricks show that Darlene loves her sister immensely as she can afford making fun of her as if she was the only one to have such a right justified by her love and care. Admittedly, Darlene wou ld never let anyone hurt her sister.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Two Similar Families Therefore, it is possible to assume that the two families are similar even though there are some minor differences. Apparently, these families are similar in different levels, i.e. they pertain to the same socioeconomic background, they are similar in terms of relationships between members of the families. The two families are very friendly. Each member of the two families is caring and supportive. Admittedly, sitcoms usually depict typical families. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the majority of American families are like that. Hopefully, Americans still rely on basic values which are highlighted in the sitcoms. cosbyshow3. The Cosby Show Halloween. Video. YouTube, 18 June 2008. Web. maskath-1. â€Å"Biography for Darlene Conner.† IMDb, 2010. Web. RoseanneConnerVid eo. Rosseanne Inherit: The Wind. Video. YouTube, 9 July 2008. Web. â€Å"The Cosby Show.† IMDb, n.d. Web.

Definitions and Examples of Swear Words

Definitions and Examples of Swear Words A swear word is a word or phrase thats generally considered blasphemous, obscene, vulgar, or otherwise offensive. Also known as  swearing, bad word, obscene word, dirty word, and four-letter word. Swear words serve many different functions in different social contexts, notes Janet Holmes. They may express annoyance, aggression and insult, for instance, or they may express solidarity and friendliness (An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 2013). EtymologyFrom Old English, take an oath Examples and Observations Spock: Your use of language has altered since our arrival. It is currently laced with, shall we say, more colorful metaphors, double dumbass on you and so forth.Captain Kirk: Oh, you mean the profanity?Spock: Yes.Captain Kirk: Well, thats simply the way they talk here. Nobody pays any attention to you unless you swear every other word. Youll find it in all the literature of the period.(Leonard Nimoy and William Shatner in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, 1986)Uses of Swear WordsA final puzzle about swearing is the crazy range of circumstances in which we do it. There is cathartic swearing, as when we hit our thumb with a hammer or knock over a glass of beer. There are imprecations, as when we suggest a label or offer advice to someone who has cut us off in traffic. There are vulgar terms for everyday things and activities, as when Bess Truman was asked to get the president to say fertilizer instead of manure and she replied, You have no idea how long it took me to get him to say manure . There are figures of speech that put obscene words to other uses, such as the barnyard epithet for insincerity, the army acronym snafu, and the gynecological-flagellative term for uxorial dominance. And then there are the adjective-like expletives that salt the speech and split the words of soldiers, teenagers, Australians, and others affecting a breezy speech style.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature. Viking, 2007) Social SwearingWhy do we swear? The answer to this question depends on the approach you take. As a linguistnot a psychologist, neurologist, speech pathologist or any other -istI see swearing as meaningfully patterned verbal behaviour that readily lends itself to a functional analysis. Pragmatically, swearing can be understood in terms of the meanings it is taken to have and what it achieves in any particular circumstance. . . .Typically, a social swear word originates as one of the bad words but becomes conventionalised in a recognisably social form. Using swear words as loose intensifiers contributes to the easy-going, imprecise nature of informal talk among in-group members. . . . In sum, this is jokey, cruisy, relaxing talk in which participants oil the wheels of their connection as much by how they talk as what they talk about.(Ruth Wajnryb, Language Most Foul. Allen Unwin, 2005)Secular Swearing[I]t would appear that in Western society the major shifts in the focus of swearing h ave been from religious matters (more especially the breaching of the commandment against taking the Lords name in vain) to sexual and bodily functions, and from opprobrious insults, such as coolie and kike. Both of these trends reflect the increasing secularization of Western society.(Geoffrey Hughes, Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English. Blackwell, 1991) George Carlin on Bad WordsThere are four hundred thousand words in the English language and there are seven of them you cant say on television. What a ratio that is! Three hundred ninety three thousand nine hundred and ninety three . . . to seven! They must really be bad. Theyd have to be outrageous to be separated from a group that large. All of you over here . . . You seven, you bad words.Thats what they told us, you remember? Thats a bad word. What? There are no bad words. Bad thoughts, bad intentions, but no bad words.(George Carlin with Tony Hendra, Last Words. Simon Schuster, 2009)David Camerons Jokey, Blokey InterviewDavid Camerons jokey, blokey interview . . . on Absolute Radio this morning is a good example of what can happen when politicians attempt to be down with the kidsor in this case, with the thirtysomethings. . . .Asked why he didnt use the social networking website Twitter, the Tory leader said: The trouble with Twitter, the instantness of ittoo many twits might ma ke a twat. . . .[T]he Tory leaders aides were in defensive mode afterwards, pointing out that twat was not a swear word under radio guidelines.(Haroon Siddique, Sweary Cameron Illustrates Dangers of Informal Interview. The Guardian, July 29, 2009) S***r W***s[N]ever use asterisks, or such silliness as b-, which are just a cop out, as Charlotte Brontà « recognised: The practice of hinting by single letters those expletives with which profane and violent people are wont to garnish their discourse, strikes me as a proceeding which, however well meant, is weak and futile. I cannot tell what good it doeswhat feeling it spareswhat horror it conceals.(David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, Guardian Style, 3rd ed. Guardian Books, 2010)Supreme Court Rulings on Swear WordsThe Supreme Court’s last major case concerning broadcast indecency, F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation in 1978, upheld the commission’s determination that George Carlin’s classic seven dirty words monologue, with its deliberate, repetitive and creative use of vulgarities, was indecent. But the court left open the question of whether the use of an occasional expletive could be punished.The case decided Tuesday, Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Televisi on Stations, No. 07-582, arose from two appearances by celebrities on the Billboard Music Awards.Justice Scalia read the passages at issue from the bench, though he substituted suggestive shorthand for the dirty words.The first involved Cher, who reflected on her career in accepting an award in 2002: I’ve also had critics for the last 40 years saying I was on my way out every year. Right. So F-em. (In his opinion, Justice Scalia explained that Cher metaphorically suggested a sexual act as a means of expressing hostility to her critics.)The second passage came in an exchange between Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie in 2003 in which Ms. Richie discussed in vulgar terms the difficulties in cleaning cow manure off a Prada purse.Reversing its policy on such fleeting expletives, the commission said in 2006 that both broadcasts were indecent. It did not matter, the commission said, that some of the offensive words did not refer directly to sexual or excretory functions. Nor did it mat ter that the cursing was isolated and apparently impromptu. . . .In reversing that decision, Justice Scalia said the change in policy was rational and therefore permissible. It was certainly reasonable, he wrote, to determine that it made no sense to distinguish between literal and nonliteral uses of offensive words, requiring repetitive use to render only the latter indecent.Justice John Paul Stevens, dissenting, wrote that not every use of a swear word connoted the same thing. As any golfer who has watched his partner shank a short approach knows, Justice Stevens wrote, it would be absurd to accept the suggestion that the resultant four-letter word uttered on the golf course describes sex or excrement and is therefore indecent.It is ironic, to say the least, Justice Stevens went on, that while the F.C.C. patrols the airwaves for words that have a tenuous relationship with sex or excrement, commercials broadcast during prime-time hours frequently ask viewers whether they are battli ng erectile dysfunction or are having trouble going to the bathroom.(Adam Liptak, Supreme Court Upholds F.C.C.’s Shift to a Harder Line on Indecency on the Air. The New York Times, April 28, 2009) The Lighter Side of Swear WordsTell me, son, the anxious mother said, what did your father say when you told him youd wrecked his new Corvette?Shall I leave out the swear words? the son asked.Of course.He didnt say anything.(Steve Allen, Steve Allens Private Joke File. Three Rivers Press, 2000) Alternate Spellings: swearword, swear-word

Artoriginality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artoriginality - Essay Example One cannot afford to be indifferent and unconcerned. I believe that a true artist should not only express himself in his work but also be able to effectually convey positivity through his skill. Perhaps, what makes art good or bad is the impression that it leaves to people. There are various ways by which an artist can achieve that goal. It is a well-known fact that news travel fast and they have a lasting effect on readers and viewers. Unfortunately, not all news is refreshing and inspiring. The massacre at Virginia Tech University is one of the most depressing and horrifying news recently. It is hailed as the deadliest shooting in US history that took the lives of more than 30 people. While America-if not the whole world-is shocked and mourning, an artist has the opportunity to involve himself and to stand out in the crowd of aspiring artists. Instead of creating an eccentric exploitation of details, it would be best to emphasize on the life lived by those who were killed and eternalize the vision they had fostered in their existence. This may provide comfort to their loved ones and promote awareness and inspiration to the public. That intention alone may be one of the crucial tests of a bona fide artist. But it is time to depart from the traditional. The best and logical way to successfully deviate is to know what is traditional.

Operations Management Assignment 2 Research Paper

Operations Management Assignment 2 - Research Paper Example The challenges to the operations manger are not isolated to E-commerce only, but cut across all the businesses that require the services of the Operations Manger (Stevenson, 2008). The operations manager has a difficult time in the choice of the practice to adopt in the running of the business. This competition is internal and is brought about by the many interests that are in a business. An example of this competition that emanates from within the business is when a systems manger in the business prefers the use of e-mails in communicating to employees while the finance section prefers memos that are written. These differences in the most appropriate practice to adopt especially on communication can have negative effects on the flow of information within the business. This therefore, calls upon the operations manager to draw standardized operational procedures that everybody within the company should go by (Stevenson, 2008). Jackey Lohery in a research on the difficulties that managers encounter pointed customers as the most grievous in causing problems. This is more serious with e-commerce that reaches customers of all manner and kind. The customers raise issues that are in some instances beyond the ability of employees to answer or respond to (Stevenson, 2008). Delivery of a product that is below the expectations of the customer may make them angry and it will need an operations manager with superb conflict resolution skills to calm such customers down. Customer disappointment is frequent in e-commerce because customers have unrealistic expectations about the goods that should be delivered to them. It therefore frustrates them when they are given a good that does not much these expectations. Operation should therefore provide a forum for customers to lodge there complains and to participate in the development of the business. Customer satisfaction is a big challenge in online businesses that operations managers are under charge to surmount if the business

The Impact of Globalization on Qantas Airlines Marketing Strategy Essay

Globalisation is having a significant impact on marketing. This is because a business, by distributing itself across international borders makes its product more readily available to international customers and creates employment opportunities in the country it has moved to. To understand the impacts, globalisation, marketing (particularly market segmentation), global marketing strategies and general history of Qantas need to be examined. Qantas is the oldest airline in the English speaking world. It was founded by the three aviation pioneers Hudson Fysh, Paul McGinness and Fergus McMaster as the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service in 1920 and has grown from one aircraft which offered air taxi services and joyrides to a vast, complex fleet operating all over the world. By 1930 Qantas’ air routes had expanded to reach up to North Eastern Australia and was later purchased in 1947 by the Australian Federal Government. Globalisation is the process where a business will expand and operate over international boundaries. In doing this, wider communication with the world can be established, the potential to explore new markets can occur and employment opportunities can be created for residents of the countries in which International businesses are situated. Qantas has entered the global airline market successfully since 1958 when it offered the first â€Å"round the world† air service, in 1999 joined the Oneworld Alliance which consists of eight of the world’s top airlines (Aer Lingus, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia and Lan Chile). When travelling to Europe, we experienced globalisation when purchasing airline tickets through Qantas’ website which were later discovered to be affiliated w... ...h began by offering aerial taxi services and joy rides. Bibliography Qantas A380s flying again from Saturday after engine blast grounding, (2010). [Online]. Available from: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/aviation/qantas-a380s-flying-again-from-saturday-after-engine-blast-grounding/story-e6frg95x-1225959213793 Accessed 25th February 2012. Qantas Spirit Of Australia. (2012). [Online]. Available from: http://www.qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/home/au/en Accessed 4th March 2012. Qantas fleet remains grounded. (2011). [Online]. Available from: http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/stranded-passengers-stung-by-flight-costs-in-hope-of-reaching-destination/story-fn7x8me2-1226180030416 Accessed 29th February 2012. Chapter 1 The history of Qantas. (2012). Get Smart Education. Chapter 3 Marketing. (2012). Get Smart Education.